It is about designing or replicating a phenomenon whose variables are manipulated under strictly controlled conditions in order to identify or discover its effect on another independent variable or object. The phenomenon to be studied is measured through study and control groups, and according to the guidelines of the scientific method. Also known as an observational study, it focuses on the analysis of a phenomenon in its natural context. As such, the researcher does not intervene directly, but limits their involvement to measuring the variables required for the study.
Due to its observational nature, it is often used in descriptive research. It controls only some variables of the phenomenon under investigation and is therefore not entirely experimental. In this case, the study and the focus group cannot be randomly selected, but are chosen from existing groups or populations.
This is to ensure the collected data is relevant and that the knowledge, perspectives and opinions of the population can be incorporated into the study. In this type of research, reality is explained by general laws that point to certain conclusions; conclusions are expected to be part of the premise of the research problem and considered correct if the premise is valid and the inductive method is applied correctly.
In this type of research, knowledge is generated from an observation to achieve a generalisation. It is based on the collection of specific data to develop new theories. It is based on observing reality to make a hypothesis, then use deduction to obtain a conclusion and finally verify or reject it through experience.
It is the monitoring of the same event, individual or group over a defined period of time. It aims to track changes in a number of variables and see how they evolve over time.
It is often used in medical, psychological and social areas. Cross-sectional research design is used to observe phenomena, an individual or a group of research subjects at a given time. This fundamental research type is defined by the fact that the data is collected directly from the source, that is, it consists of primary, first-hand information. Unlike primary research, secondary research is developed with information from secondary sources, which are generally based on scientific literature and other documents compiled by another researcher.
Documentary research, or secondary sources, is based on a systematic review of existing sources of information on a particular subject. This type of scientific research is commonly used when undertaking literature reviews or producing a case study. Field research study involves the direct collection of information at the location where the observed phenomenon occurs.
Laboratory research is carried out in a controlled environment in order to isolate a dependent variable and establish its relationship with other variables through scientific methods. Mixed research methodologies combine results from both secondary documentary sources and primary sources through field or laboratory research. Qualitative research is generally used to explore values, attitudes, opinions, feelings and behaviours of individuals and understand how these affect the individuals in question.
This kind of research is important for generating theory, developing policy, improving educational practice, justifying change for a particular practice, and illuminating social issues. It may also be used to explain the results of a previous quantitative study or to prepare for the development of a quantitative study. If your research team decides to use qualitative methods in your study, you will need to describe how qualitative methods will provide the information to help you address your research objectives and research question s.
For example, qualitative research may be appropriate because you intend to explore the values and behaviours of individuals in the study area in relation to a public health intervention, and to understand how these affect the phenomena in question. For example, why do some households have bed nets but do not use them?
Or, why do individuals in a study area decline services from a specialized antenatal clinic? When collecting qualitative data, it is preferable to use more than one data collection method. Obtaining information on the same phenomena in a variety of ways allows the researcher to triangulate the data, adding rigour to the research. These research tools are highly beneficial for each and every individual and when an individual comes to know about the features of them then it becomes much easier, quicker and more beneficial for them.
Also, exploring its features will let a person to understand the things regarding the search. This means that an individual will get to know about the features that what else can be done with these research tools. Skip to content. Related Posts. Types Of Poetry Structure. Types Of Research In Sociology. A research tool is a testing device for measuring a given phenomenon, such as a paper and pencil test, a questionnaire, an interview, or an observation.
The research instrument is what one uses to collect information in a qualitative field study. Scientists divide various research methods such as observation, experiment, questionnaires, interview, focus group, use of case studies, etc. A qualitative method, such as interviews or focus groups, would then be used to explore issues. Most are based around a core set of basic tools. These include interviews, focus group discussions, observation, photography, video, surveys, questionnaires and case studies.
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